When I was growing up, I had one way of accessing and receiving information - walking to the public library about a half mile away. Times have changed.
Starting with the 1960s, many developments through innovative thinkers led to the explosion of biomedical research and information. Computers, automated information systems, and the Internet provided the means to expand the dissemination of medical information. None of these accomplishments would have been possible without laws and grants to research institutions to develop the communication needed for information dissemination that we see today. In 1960, the libraries goal was to be an dynamic communication center that works with various information materials physically or virtually in all health care areas (Roderer, 1993).
National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM) – Originally, National Library of Medicine (NLM) provided dissemination services through their Regional Medical Library Program, now known as NNLM. Funding was provided through Public Law 89-291, Medical Library Assistance Act (MLAA) of 1965. Its goal was to provide funding for linkage between U.S. health professionals and researchers through a national system of libraries regardless of location. NLM was the first provider of an online database, MEDLINE. GRATEFUL MED software for searching MEDLINE and LOANSOME DOC, an automatic document request service, provided individuals with information though the NNLM library (Roderer, 1993).
NNLM - http://nnlm.gov/
Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) – The National Library of Medicine had as its goal to create an integrated library system for management and access to medical information within the individual academic medical center. This concept originated through a report by the Association of American Medical Colleges in 1982 with NLM. The Matheson-Cooper report had long term effects on the current library information systems of today. The program is now known as the Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems with broader far reaching goals in the management of medical center information. Initial evidence from health science programs suggested that a more extensive use of information by the health profession if the information is distributed at a convenient work station with coordination among all departments. In all IAIMS programs, the library has played a fundamental but differing roles. The roles included principal investigator on grants, services for educational support materials bibliographic retrieval, curriculum support, clinical systems, and campus-wide information systems (Roderer, 1993).
IAIMS - http://www.iaimscons.org/
University of Cinncinati - http://medcenter.uc.edu/iaims/
National Research and Education Network (NREN) – The goal of NREN was to bring rapid and widespread dissemination of biomedical information. The platform for this rapidity was achieved via the Internet by the bibliographic database, MEDLINE. National networking had to be achieved first as mandated through the High Performance Computing and Communications Program ( Roderer, 1993). In 1991, High Performance Computing and Communications Program authorization came under P.L. 102-194 introduced by Senator Al Gore. This law was amended in 1998, now Next Generation Internet Research Act (P.L. 105-135). These laws helped to develop and expand the Information Superhighway (Wikipedia, 2008).
Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)
Originally, distribution of scientific material was through library or database vendors for bibliographic materials with direct distribution and indirect distribution for physical access. The NLM had as its goal to provide easy access to machine readable information from scientific literature, patient records, factual databases, and knowledge-expert systems. Initiated in 1990, the UMLS was to have three knowledge sources: Metathesaurus, Semantic Network, and an Information Sources Map. These sources continue to be worked on today for improvement. Libraries were one of the key users in the development of UMLS experimental versions ( Roderer, 1990).
National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM) – Originally, National Library of Medicine (NLM) provided dissemination services through their Regional Medical Library Program, now known as NNLM. Funding was provided through Public Law 89-291, Medical Library Assistance Act (MLAA) of 1965. Its goal was to provide funding for linkage between U.S. health professionals and researchers through a national system of libraries regardless of location. NLM was the first provider of an online database, MEDLINE. GRATEFUL MED software for searching MEDLINE and LOANSOME DOC, an automatic document request service, provided individuals with information though the NNLM library (Roderer, 1993).
NNLM - http://nnlm.gov/
Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) – The National Library of Medicine had as its goal to create an integrated library system for management and access to medical information within the individual academic medical center. This concept originated through a report by the Association of American Medical Colleges in 1982 with NLM. The Matheson-Cooper report had long term effects on the current library information systems of today. The program is now known as the Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems with broader far reaching goals in the management of medical center information. Initial evidence from health science programs suggested that a more extensive use of information by the health profession if the information is distributed at a convenient work station with coordination among all departments. In all IAIMS programs, the library has played a fundamental but differing roles. The roles included principal investigator on grants, services for educational support materials bibliographic retrieval, curriculum support, clinical systems, and campus-wide information systems (Roderer, 1993).
IAIMS - http://www.iaimscons.org/
University of Cinncinati - http://medcenter.uc.edu/iaims/
National Research and Education Network (NREN) – The goal of NREN was to bring rapid and widespread dissemination of biomedical information. The platform for this rapidity was achieved via the Internet by the bibliographic database, MEDLINE. National networking had to be achieved first as mandated through the High Performance Computing and Communications Program ( Roderer, 1993). In 1991, High Performance Computing and Communications Program authorization came under P.L. 102-194 introduced by Senator Al Gore. This law was amended in 1998, now Next Generation Internet Research Act (P.L. 105-135). These laws helped to develop and expand the Information Superhighway (Wikipedia, 2008).
Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)
Originally, distribution of scientific material was through library or database vendors for bibliographic materials with direct distribution and indirect distribution for physical access. The NLM had as its goal to provide easy access to machine readable information from scientific literature, patient records, factual databases, and knowledge-expert systems. Initiated in 1990, the UMLS was to have three knowledge sources: Metathesaurus, Semantic Network, and an Information Sources Map. These sources continue to be worked on today for improvement. Libraries were one of the key users in the development of UMLS experimental versions ( Roderer, 1990).
Roderer, N.K., (1993). Dissemination of medical information: Organizational and technological issues in health sciences libraries. Library Trends, 42(1), 108-26.
Wikipedia (2008, July 7). High performance computing and communication act of 1991. Retrieved July 11, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Performance_Computing_and_Communication_Act_of_1991
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2 comments:
Remember when you needed to make a doctor's appointment for every medical question? I am taking a medical database course this semester from Dr. Dee, because so many patrons ask about information on these issues.
Wow, those are really interesting links. I know nothing about medical libraries, so seeing those were all new info to me and I enjoyed it (also book marked it in case I need it in the future). It is amazing the difference between people in our generation getting info and people in our children and grandchildren's generation. We couldn't procrastinate our reports until the day before because we couldn't get the info we needed--these kids can cut it to the hour before. ;-)
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